Excursion There will be the excursion program on July 30. The attractions are Tumuli of Neungsan-ri, Busosanseong Fortress and Five storied stone pagoda of Jeongnimsa Temple site. The cost is 15 USD (15,000 Korean Won) including lunch. The tour bus will leave at 9:30 am in the Legend Hotel. The expected time to be back to the hotel is 5:00 pm. Anyone who wants to attend the excursion may register at the registration desk. Tumuli of Neungsan-ri These tombs located in the mid-slope of Mt. Neungsan east of Baekje's last capital, Sabi(the present Buyeo), are said to be those of kings who reigned over Baekje between 538 and 660 A.D. After the transfer of the capital from Ungjin (the present Gongju) to Sabi in 538 A.D., during the 26th king, King Seong's reign (523-554), the Baekje Kingdom maintained its capital here for 123 years, through the reigns of six kings, until the last king, King Uija (641-660), was defeated by the allied forces of Silla and T'ang China. The structure of these tombs consists of a main chamber and a passageway, but the shape of the roofs and walls in each are slightly different. One tomb located in the center of the front row has a chamber structure composed of long stone slabs, quite similar to that of the brick-construted tomb of King Muryeong in Songsan-ri, Gongju. Another stone chamber tomb composed of well-trimmed stone slabs located in the east of front row is famous for the wall paintings shown dimly on the surface of four walls and ceiling. These wall paintings portray the four Cardinal Deities:the blue dragon(east), white tiger (west), black tortoise and snake (north), and red phoenix(south), painted on the surface of the four walls, with lotus design and flying clouds on the ceiling. Busosanseong Fortress This fortress, Busosanseong, is also called Sabiseong or Soburiseong because it was designed to protect Sabi, the capital of the Baekje Kingdom. Built in the 16th year of King Seong's reign (538) of Baekje, the fortress surrounds Mt. Busosan, hence the name. Some historians believe that the fortress was already there by the 22nd year of King Dongseongwang's reign (500), and reconstructed in the 6th year of King Muwang's reign (605) into the form we see today. The sites of three main gates of the fortress are still there, and inside the fortress one can face a number of famous historic sites such as a military depot, Nakhwaam Cliff, Sabiru Pavilion, Yeongillu Pavilion and Goransa Temple. Historians believe that the Baekje kings and aristocracy used the fortress not just for military purposes but, in peaceful times, as a pleasure park. As the last stronghold of the Baekje Kingdom during the Sabi Age, which was to end with the collapse of the kingdom itself, the fortress is a precious material for the study on the development of Korean fortresses.   Five storied stone pagoda of Jeongnimsa Temple site This is the valuable treasure for making the genealogy of Korean stone-made pagodas, along with the stone pagoda of Mireuksa temple site.As far as the structure of this stone pagoda is concerned, the foundation stones were laid and the stylobate was built on them. On the stylobate, five-story pagoda stands and the upper parts are on the top of structure. For the foundation stones, they set up the several stones and laid the two-layer stylobate on those stones and constructed the flat stone on stylobate. The flat stone is low, with the corner pillar on the surface of both sides and a flat stone having 8 plate is thick. Each story of pagoda body is same in the construction form. Due to the relatively large size of the lower part of body, it consists of 12 plates and have the corner pillar at 4 corners. And, 2 plate stones are stuck each space between two points.The second and third story are built with 4 layers, fourth one built with 2 layers and fifth story built with 1 layer. As the higher than second story pagoda body is drastically decrease in the height compared with the lower part, the corner pillar is also shorter. However, the width of corner pillar is larger than that of the pagoda body. In each story, plates for raindrops and prop are made of separate stones and framed with several plate stones, which indicate the modified form of wooden building. If seeing this structure is made up of 149 stones, we can guess the pagoda has a similar structure to a wooden building. However, this structure, in detailed parts, shows the sophisticated and creative moulding and overall, looks like sublime, lucid and refined one, shedding off the blind imitation of wooden formality. Because the fact is engraved on this structure in chinese handwriting style that Chinese general Sojeongbang conquered Baekje, it is also called as "Pyeongjetap" meaning celebrating tower on destroying Baekje.